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{{Infobox UN| name = World Intellectual Property Organization| image = WIPO1.JPG| caption = Headquarters in
Geneva| type = Specialized Agency| acronyms = WIPO| head =
Director-General of WIPO
Kamil Idris
| status = Active| established = 1967| website = www.wipo.int| parent =| subsidiaries =| commons = United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization| footnotes =-->
The
World Intellectual Property Organization (
WIPO) (
French language:
Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle or OMPI) is one of the specialized agencies of the
United Nations. WIPO was created in
1967 with the stated purpose "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of
intellectual property throughout the world". Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, signed at Stockholm on
July 14 1967, Preamble, second paragraph.
WIPO currently has 184 member states, List of members states of WIPO administers 23 international treaty Treates administered by WIPO, and is headquartered in
Geneva,
Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Kamil Idris.
Vatican City and almost all
List of United Nations member states are members of the WIPO. Non-participating are the states of
Kiribati,
Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Nauru,
Palau, the entities of
Palestinian Authority, Sahrawi Republic,
Solomon Islands, Republic of China, East Timor, Tuvalu and
Vanuatu.
History
The predecessor to WIPO was the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (
Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle, French language
acronym for
United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property), which had been set up in
1893 to administer the
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
WIPO was formally created by the
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (Signed at
Stockholm on
July 14, 1967 and as amended on
September 28 1979). Under Article 3 of this Convention, WIPO seeks to "promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world." WIPO became a specialized agency of the UN in 1974, as above-mentioned.
Unlike other branches of the United Nations, WIPO has significant financial resources independent of the contributions from its Member States. In 2006, over 90% of its income of around Swiss franc500m is expected to be generated from the collection of fees by the
International Bureau (IB) under the intellectual property application and registration systems which it administers (the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Madrid system for trade marks and the
Hague system for Industrial design rights).
Critique
As with all United Nations multi-government forums, WIPO is not an elected body. Some argue that WIPO does not therefore act in the interests of citizens as the representatives of its member states are either not democratic or are highly abstracted government agencies which are only lobbied effectively by major corporations. WIPO usually attempts to reach decisions by consensus, but in any vote, each Member State is entitled to one vote, regardless of population or contribution to the funding. This is important, because there is a significant
North-South divide in the politics of
intellectual property. During the 1960s and 1970s,
developing nations were able to block expansions to intellectual property treaties, such as universal pharmacology patents which might have occurred through WIPO.
In the 1980s, this led to the United States and other developed countries "forum shifting" intellectual property standard-setting out of WIPO and into the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which later evolved into the World Trade Organization, where the North had greater control of the agenda. This strategy paid dividends with the enactment of Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
Much of the important work is done through committees, including for example the Standing Committee on Patents (SCP), the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR), the Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE), and the Intergovernmental Committee (IGC) on Access to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, and the Working Group on Reform of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.
In October 2004, WIPO agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO" - from the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization Consumer Project on Technology web site,
Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization. This proposal was well supported by developing countries, and by a large contingent of civil society. A number of civil society bodies have been working on a draft Access to Knowledge Consumer Project on Technology web site,
Access to Knowledge (A2K), or A2K, Treaty which they would like to see introduced.
References
See also
External links
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) website
{{Infobox UN| name = World Intellectual Property Organization| image = WIPO1.JPG| caption = Headquarters in
Geneva| type = Specialized Agency| acronyms = WIPO| head =
Director-General of WIPO
Kamil Idris
| status = Active| established = 1967| website = www.wipo.int| parent =| subsidiaries =| commons = United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization| footnotes =-->
The
World Intellectual Property Organization (
WIPO) (
French language:
Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle or OMPI) is one of the specialized agencies of the
United Nations. WIPO was created in
1967 with the stated purpose "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world".
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, signed at Stockholm on
July 14 1967, Preamble, second paragraph.
WIPO currently has 184 member states, List of members states of WIPO administers 23 international
treaty Treates administered by WIPO, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Kamil Idris.
Vatican City and almost all
List of United Nations member states are members of the WIPO. Non-participating are the states of Kiribati,
Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,
Nauru,
Palau, the entities of Palestinian Authority, Sahrawi Republic, Solomon Islands,
Republic of China,
East Timor,
Tuvalu and
Vanuatu.
History
The predecessor to WIPO was the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (
Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle, French language acronym for
United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property), which had been set up in 1893 to administer the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
WIPO was formally created by the
Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (Signed at
Stockholm on
July 14,
1967 and as amended on
September 28 1979). Under Article 3 of this Convention, WIPO seeks to "promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world." WIPO became a specialized agency of the UN in 1974, as above-mentioned.
Unlike other branches of the United Nations, WIPO has significant financial resources independent of the contributions from its Member States. In 2006, over 90% of its income of around Swiss franc500m is expected to be generated from the collection of fees by the
International Bureau (IB) under the intellectual property application and registration systems which it administers (the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the
Madrid system for
trade marks and the
Hague system for
Industrial design rights).
Critique
As with all United Nations multi-government forums, WIPO is not an elected body. Some argue that WIPO does not therefore act in the interests of citizens as the representatives of its member states are either not democratic or are highly abstracted government agencies which are only lobbied effectively by major corporations. WIPO usually attempts to reach decisions by consensus, but in any vote, each Member State is entitled to one vote, regardless of population or contribution to the funding. This is important, because there is a significant North-South divide in the politics of intellectual property. During the
1960s and
1970s,
developing nations were able to block expansions to intellectual property treaties, such as universal
pharmacology patents which might have occurred through WIPO.
In the 1980s, this led to the United States and other developed countries "forum shifting" intellectual property standard-setting out of WIPO and into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which later evolved into the World Trade Organization, where the North had greater control of the agenda. This strategy paid dividends with the enactment of
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
Much of the important work is done through committees, including for example the Standing Committee on Patents (SCP), the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR), the Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE), and the Intergovernmental Committee (IGC) on Access to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, and the Working Group on Reform of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.
In October 2004, WIPO agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO" - from the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization Consumer Project on Technology web site,
Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization. This proposal was well supported by developing countries, and by a large contingent of civil society. A number of civil society bodies have been working on a draft Access to Knowledge Consumer Project on Technology web site,
Access to Knowledge (A2K), or A2K, Treaty which they would like to see introduced.
References
See also
External links
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) website
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